Diet does not always have to be tortured. At least that's according to some experts. Not only nutritionists, sports health physician, psychologist, and a healthy lifestyle consultant was trying to give some simple advice. For instance, many drinking water or eating more or less the same amount every day. In essence, instead of torturing yourself with super strict diet that makes you nervous, develop better eating right and healthy as early as possible, before your body 'bloom'. really need to do a weight loss diet, do it the right way under the supervision of a physician. To slim down, it also needs the business. But, if you know the strategy, it is not complicated.
TRAIN GOOD HABITS. Lets say you really need to diet. To support the diet program, you are trying to develop good habits. The edges will help you maintain your diet and maintain weight. One of them is the habit of reading the label calories listed on food packaging. This will not only train you to be a consumer matter, but also know the type, ingredients, nutritional values and calories of food you consume.
Eventually you will be more concerned with the material that you eat. Also how big the risk is to make you fat. Another habit that you can try is to eat the night before at 18:00. Dinner is three to four hours before bedtime is good for digestion, metabolism system as a whole, and weight. Dinner is not too late to give a chance to clean up the work of digestion faster. The metabolism is still time to use. Instead, dinner before bed makes the bowels less than optimal. As a result, there will be heaps that are not important in your body. (PR0F.DR.AU Khomsan, community nutritionists Bogor Institute of Agriculture.)
ORIGIN AND GLAD TO DO satiety. Make sure you always get the nutrition needed to achieve a slim body shape. Observe that the slimming nutritious food does not necessarily make you satisfied and happy. Side dishes as fried foods, like tempeh or tofu, really good. When you're on a strict diet program, a side dish of sweet fried or high in calories should be limited. Do not fry means adding fat and calories in foods? Make high-calorie fried foods as a friend at the time of joy and sorrow tantamount to signing a fat contract in time soon. (Dr. Elvina Karyadi, PHD, Seam TROPMED nutrition specialist, Regional Nutrition Research Center UI)
Drink plenty of water. Water holds a vital role in virtually all biological processes, from breathing, digestion, circulation to the body. Water transports nutrients and remove toxins from the body, another benefit for those who diet, water makes hungry bear. Fresh water, either cold, warm, or hot, will not make you fatter, because the water contains no calories (zero calorie). Drink a glass of cold water, when the desire to snack. Drizzle with lemon juice (no sugar added), if you want ice water with different sensations.
Drinking water was getting out of bed or just before bed to ease the hunger that arise when waking up or going to bed. Drinking water before meals arrived, so the stomach will feel full and willingness to take large amounts of food decreases. Anyway, do not forget to drink lots of water. The rest, of course you have to change the wrong diet into a healthy diet and nutritious. This is better than you do a super strict diet. (PINNY P. SUTEIO, dietician, nutrition consultant and lecturer.)
SELECT A COMPLEX CARBS. One of the main principles of the diet is to choose complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates, like sugar, sugary foods, white rice, white bread, instant noodles, chicken porridge, sweet foods or drinks that are less good temperament for the body, by contrast, complex carbohydrates, like brown rice, whole wheat bread, pasta, oatmeal , sweet potato, maize, or bananas, more profitable.
Insulin response of complex carbohydrates to the body happens slowly or bit by bit. That is, due to be released gradually, blood sugar tends to be used optimally, so it is likely to be stockpiled or stored in fat cells is reduced. The resulting energy levels are also high in complex carbohydrates, making it suitable for maintaining stamina during exercise. Complex carbohydrates are fattening effect is also smaller.
For example, select the green bean porridge with brown sugar (do not season the sugar and coconut milk), wheat bread sandwich with a low-calorie lai for breakfast. Choose also a hodgepodge without a rice cake (instead of boiled potatoes), sirloin / tenderloin steak with boiled potatoes. peanut skin, or boiled peanuts. And a dinner of brown rice with lauknya. (DR.PHAIDON LUMBAN Toruan, MM, sports and fitness department, Indonesia Anti-Aging Society.)
START THINKING POSITIVE. Get rid of thoughts about the belly or can not eat chocolate. Instead, imagine yourself slimmer, fitter, and healthier. More real image, the more you feel confident to achieve it. Every time I think about eating, for example, ask yourself how hungry you are on a scale of 1-10. If you feel your score is below 5, try not to eat or at least, delay a moment. When you are really hungry, stop and think whether the food you choose can make you happy, or whether the food is healthy enough to help you achieve your goals. If the answer to both questions is no, choose other foods that are much better for your body. (PETE COHEN, a sports psychologist, personal trainer, and co-author Slimming with Pete: Taking The Weight Off Body and Mind.)
EAT MORE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Most women who want to lose weight magnesium deficiency. In fact, magnesium is useful to convert food into energy, instead of being fat. Therefore, consume more fruits and vegetables fresh or unprocessed. Once in a while, to stimulate your metabolic system, trying to do the juice diet. How, in just one day try to eat or drink fruit juice or fresh vegetables.
Cooking is too mature tend to eliminate essential nutrients in food. Too often eat food that is too ripe will also make the stomach vulnerable to disruption. Both parts are considered the weakest area, if you are a bad diet. In addition to eating fresh vegetables, try also to more frequently consume whole grains or cereals. That way, you have to enrich your diet with enzymes that berf refugees balancing metabolism. Means you also have helped to decrease body weight in a healthier way. (Dr. Gillian McKeith, a clinical nutritionist who practice in Hampstead, London.)
DINING IN THE PORTION OF THE SAME EVERY DAY. Consistent in terms of caloric intake each day is important. Reduce the size of the meal will only lighten the body's metabolic system in the short term and can actually increase fat mass and decrease muscle tissue metabolism in the long run. Caloric intake and food composition changes in time can complicate weight loss. In fact, when the average calorie intake per day was within normal limits (for example, 1500 calories). Therefore, maintaining the stability of nutrients and daily caloric intake is an important way to achieve a healthy body weight for very long. If today you eat that much, do not beat yourself the next day by starvation. Instead, keep food in a reasonable amount and choose healthier foods. (J0ANNA HALL, lifestyle consultant, exercise and nutrition program specialization manajamen weight at www. Joannahall-lifestyle.com.)
QUALITY, NOT QUANTITY! While we were enjoying your favorite foods, the first bite and the latter will be felt most fun. Moreover, the section between the first and last bite, not too big means alias will pass you by in your mouth. So, select the portion that is not too big grab enough food. Do not be tempted to take more than you want or need.
Pitfalls that you encounter such temptations are often too-good-to-miss food (Ah, ... chesse cake is too delicious to pass up). You can just eat cake. But do not have to take big chunks, right? A tasty little piece is quite satisfactory. Another temptation is the promotion of the restaurant. For example, you typically eat a plate of spaghetti portion is, however, because there was a promotion you choose a large servings. After all, the same price, you can share twice as large. Well, if that happens, you're stuck. (Dr. Susan JEBB, Head of Nutrition and Health, the Medical Research Council's Human Nutrition Resen Center, Cambridge, UK.)
sumber : google.com
Rabu, 11 April 2012
Gempa 8,5 SR di Aceh & Sumut, PLN Terpaksa Padamkan Listrik
.5 earthquake on the Richter scale (SR) in Aceh and North Sumatra are currently making power in the region off automatically. This resulted in power outages.
President Director of PT PLN (Persero) Pamudji Nur said PLN power plant in Medan off automatically due to a too strong tremor.
"So there are areas we have to put out because of our plants in Medan off automatically due to earthquake shocks. Most consumers we put out first," said Nur told detikFinance, Wednesday (11/04/2012).
Power outage, said Nur, in nearly all areas of North Sumatra due to very strong earthquake shocks. "So the power off automatically as a safety device works. We will first check to check whether it can be switched on again," said Nur.
sumber : detik.com
President Director of PT PLN (Persero) Pamudji Nur said PLN power plant in Medan off automatically due to a too strong tremor.
"So there are areas we have to put out because of our plants in Medan off automatically due to earthquake shocks. Most consumers we put out first," said Nur told detikFinance, Wednesday (11/04/2012).
Power outage, said Nur, in nearly all areas of North Sumatra due to very strong earthquake shocks. "So the power off automatically as a safety device works. We will first check to check whether it can be switched on again," said Nur.
sumber : detik.com
Rekomendasi Saham IHSG Dibayangi Koreksi Pasar Global
Angga Aliya - detikFinance
Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) is a day of trading yesterday on the last green zone should eventually thin out 4 points due to profit taking local investors. Instead of foreign funds back into the trading floor.
Close of trade on Tuesday (4/10/2012), JCI thinning 4.268 points (0.11%) to the level of 4149.799. While LQ 45 index edged down 2.575 points (0.37%) to a level of 711.679.
In today's trading the index is expected to return to weaken the negative sentiment from global and regional markets. However, the potential gain is still there.
The rise of the stock market sell-off to make a correction on Wall Street hit by the fifth trading day in a row. Investors dumped shares of the issuer's performance report while waiting for the first quarter of 2012.
At the close of trading Wednesday, the Dow Jones fell 213.66 points (1.65%) to as low as 12715.93. The broader Standard & Poor's 500 ambles 23.61 points (1.71%) to a level of 1358.59. Nasdaq Composite Index fell 55.86 points (1.83%) to a level of 2991.22.
Movement of the exchanges in Asia this morning:
Nikkei 225 index dropped 114.25 points (1.20%) to a level of 9423.77.
KOSPI index edged down 2.67 points (0.13%) to a level of 1994.41.
Recommendation stock today:Panin SecuritiesJCI re-moving thin weakened investors took profits following the second session of trading yesterday. We see the market is relatively not too busy following the lack of positive sentiment. Amendments to the index is also influenced by the expectations of China's economic weakness, amid the emergence of U.S. employment data are below expectations. While to this day we still see the index will move mixed with a tendency to weaken. The range of support-resistance: 4125-4170. Stock options: WIKA, Ctra, SMGR, ASRI
eTrading SecuritiesTechnically, the stock index trading yesterday before finally moving to fluctuate with the corrected closed Candlestick pattern Spinning Tops. RSI moves sideways but worth noting the stochastic indicator which could potentially form a golden cross. In trading Wednesday (11/4), JCI is expected to move in the range 4131-4171 with trend corrected. Meanwhile, shares of which can be considered al JSMR, INCO, and MYOR.
Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) is a day of trading yesterday on the last green zone should eventually thin out 4 points due to profit taking local investors. Instead of foreign funds back into the trading floor.
Close of trade on Tuesday (4/10/2012), JCI thinning 4.268 points (0.11%) to the level of 4149.799. While LQ 45 index edged down 2.575 points (0.37%) to a level of 711.679.
In today's trading the index is expected to return to weaken the negative sentiment from global and regional markets. However, the potential gain is still there.
The rise of the stock market sell-off to make a correction on Wall Street hit by the fifth trading day in a row. Investors dumped shares of the issuer's performance report while waiting for the first quarter of 2012.
At the close of trading Wednesday, the Dow Jones fell 213.66 points (1.65%) to as low as 12715.93. The broader Standard & Poor's 500 ambles 23.61 points (1.71%) to a level of 1358.59. Nasdaq Composite Index fell 55.86 points (1.83%) to a level of 2991.22.
Movement of the exchanges in Asia this morning:
Nikkei 225 index dropped 114.25 points (1.20%) to a level of 9423.77.
KOSPI index edged down 2.67 points (0.13%) to a level of 1994.41.
Recommendation stock today:Panin SecuritiesJCI re-moving thin weakened investors took profits following the second session of trading yesterday. We see the market is relatively not too busy following the lack of positive sentiment. Amendments to the index is also influenced by the expectations of China's economic weakness, amid the emergence of U.S. employment data are below expectations. While to this day we still see the index will move mixed with a tendency to weaken. The range of support-resistance: 4125-4170. Stock options: WIKA, Ctra, SMGR, ASRI
eTrading SecuritiesTechnically, the stock index trading yesterday before finally moving to fluctuate with the corrected closed Candlestick pattern Spinning Tops. RSI moves sideways but worth noting the stochastic indicator which could potentially form a golden cross. In trading Wednesday (11/4), JCI is expected to move in the range 4131-4171 with trend corrected. Meanwhile, shares of which can be considered al JSMR, INCO, and MYOR.
Pasar Global dan Regional Memerah, IHSG Terpangkas 19 Poin
Composite Stock Price Index (CSPI) trimmed 19 points due to the correction that occurred in the global and regional stock markets. Direct selling rife.
While the rupiah against the U.S. dollar (U.S.) opened stagnant in the position of Rp 9160 per U.S. dollar yesterday as the closing perdagangna.
In the preopening trading, stock index fell 20.234 points (0.49%) to the level 4129.565. While LQ 45 index trimmed 5.158 points (0.72%) to a level of 706 521.
Began trading on Wednesday (4/11/2012), stock index opened down 19.971 points (0.49%) to the level of 4129.528. LQ 45 index opened down 5.091 points (0.71%) to a level of 766.588.
9:35 am to JATS time, stock index sank 18.398 points (0.44%) to the level of 4131.401. While LQ 45 index trimmed 4.064 points (0.57%) to a level of 707.615.
Yesterday, JCI last day of trading yesterday in the green zone should eventually thin out 4 points due to profit taking local investors. Instead of foreign funds back into the trading floor.
The rise of the stock market sell-off to make a correction on Wall Street hit by the fifth trading day in a row. Investors dumped shares of the issuer's performance report while waiting for the first quarter of 2012.
The main catalyst triggers a sell-off was sticking out the return of European debt crisis due to bond yields are soaring Italian and Spanish.
Bourses in Asia welcomed negative news from the global market is so compact running in the red zone. Hong Kong stock market fell the most in this morning.
Here's the situation in regional bourses this morning:
Shanghai Composite Index dropped 6.03 points (0.26%) to a level of 2299.83.
Hang Seng Index fell 252.74 points (1.24%) to the level of 20103.50.
The Nikkei 225 ambles 108.91 points (1.14%) to a level of 9429.11.
Straits Times Index fell 25.40 points (0.85%) to a level of 2957.04.
While the rupiah against the U.S. dollar opened at a position stagnant Rp 9160 per U.S. dollar yesterday as the closing perdagangna.
sumber : Angga Aliya - detikFinance
While the rupiah against the U.S. dollar (U.S.) opened stagnant in the position of Rp 9160 per U.S. dollar yesterday as the closing perdagangna.
In the preopening trading, stock index fell 20.234 points (0.49%) to the level 4129.565. While LQ 45 index trimmed 5.158 points (0.72%) to a level of 706 521.
Began trading on Wednesday (4/11/2012), stock index opened down 19.971 points (0.49%) to the level of 4129.528. LQ 45 index opened down 5.091 points (0.71%) to a level of 766.588.
9:35 am to JATS time, stock index sank 18.398 points (0.44%) to the level of 4131.401. While LQ 45 index trimmed 4.064 points (0.57%) to a level of 707.615.
Yesterday, JCI last day of trading yesterday in the green zone should eventually thin out 4 points due to profit taking local investors. Instead of foreign funds back into the trading floor.
The rise of the stock market sell-off to make a correction on Wall Street hit by the fifth trading day in a row. Investors dumped shares of the issuer's performance report while waiting for the first quarter of 2012.
The main catalyst triggers a sell-off was sticking out the return of European debt crisis due to bond yields are soaring Italian and Spanish.
Bourses in Asia welcomed negative news from the global market is so compact running in the red zone. Hong Kong stock market fell the most in this morning.
Here's the situation in regional bourses this morning:
Shanghai Composite Index dropped 6.03 points (0.26%) to a level of 2299.83.
Hang Seng Index fell 252.74 points (1.24%) to the level of 20103.50.
The Nikkei 225 ambles 108.91 points (1.14%) to a level of 9429.11.
Straits Times Index fell 25.40 points (0.85%) to a level of 2957.04.
While the rupiah against the U.S. dollar opened at a position stagnant Rp 9160 per U.S. dollar yesterday as the closing perdagangna.
sumber : Angga Aliya - detikFinance
Bukit Uluwatu Beli Saham BNH Rp 127 Miliar
Jakarta - PT Bukit Uluwatu Villa Limited. (BUVA) purchased 105 000 shares of PT Bukit Nusa Hope (BNH) owned by PT Nusapacific Island Investment (NII). Par value per share $ 1 million, the total shares of BNH which reached Rp 105 billion to Rp 127.5 billion was purchased for the BUVA.
"Payments are made gradually. The first payment of Rp 20 billion has been received by NII at the signing ceremony in front of a notary PPJBSB April 9, "said Franky Tjahyadikarta, Director of BUVA in his written statement (11/04/2012).
He added that the settlement of the purchase price of Rp 107.5 billion will be paid after BUVA receive funding, all terms and conditions in PPJBSB met or not later than June 30, 2012.
sumber: detik.com
"Payments are made gradually. The first payment of Rp 20 billion has been received by NII at the signing ceremony in front of a notary PPJBSB April 9, "said Franky Tjahyadikarta, Director of BUVA in his written statement (11/04/2012).
He added that the settlement of the purchase price of Rp 107.5 billion will be paid after BUVA receive funding, all terms and conditions in PPJBSB met or not later than June 30, 2012.
sumber: detik.com
artikel a,an,the
Using Articles: a, an, the
Articles are little words that we use before a noun.
There are three articles:
• a;
• an;
• the.
Articles can be definite or indefinite.
'The' is the definite article.
'A' and 'an' are indefinite articles.
Articles are a type of determiner. You don't need to use an article if you are using a different determiner.
Definite Article: the
There is only one definite article: 'the'.
Use 'the' when the noun you are talking about refers to something specific, or the person you are speaking to knows what you are referring to.
The dog is on the chair.
I am talking about a specific dog. You know which dog I am talking about.
We also use 'the' when we are talking about unique objects or places.
The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.
There is only one Eiffel Tower. It is unique.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
There is only one Earth and one Sun.
We can use 'the' with singular and plural nouns.
The dog.
The dogs.
Learn more about singular and plural nouns.
Indefinite Article: a, an
There are two indefinite articles: 'a' and 'an'.
Use 'a' or 'an' when the noun you are talking about does not refer to something specific.
I would like a banana.
I'm not talking about one specific banana. Any banana is ok.
We use 'a' or 'an' to introduce something for the first time. After we have introduced it, we can use 'the'.
John has a dog and a cat. The dog is called Rover, and the cat is called Fluffy.
Use 'a dog' and 'a cat' in the first sentence to introduce them. In the second sentence I use 'the dog' and 'the cat' because you know which dog and cat I am talking about.
We can only use 'a' and 'an' with singular nouns.
A dog.
Do I use 'a' or 'an'?
Use 'a' when the noun starts with a consonant sound.
A car.
A banana.
A television.
Use 'an' when the noun starts with a vowel sound.
An apple.
An event.
An umbrella.
Vowels are the letters a, e, i, o, u. All the other letters are consonants.
It is the first sound of the word that is important, not the first letter.
Some nouns that start with a consonant have a vowel sound. We use 'an'.
An hour.
'Hour' starts with the sound /aÊŠ/. It is a vowel sound.
Some nouns that start with a vowel have a consonant sound. We use 'a'.
A university.
'University' starts with the sound /j/. It is a consonant sound.
We use special symbols to show different sounds. They are called the phonetic alphabet.
No Article (Zero Article)
Sometimes we don't use an article at all.
We don't use an article when we are talking about things generally, or when we are talking about all instances of something.
I don't like apples.
In this sentence I am talking about apples generally. I am referring to all apples.
I don't like the apples we bought yesterday.
In this sentence I am referring to specific apples (the ones we bought yesterday), so I say 'the apples'.
There are certain types of nouns that don't use articles.
1. Countries, cities, and states
We don't use articles before the names of cities, countries, or states.
I live in London.
The exception is names that have a plural noun, or include the word 'kingdom', 'republic', 'state', or 'commonwealth'. We always use 'the' before these names.
The Philippines
The United Kingdom
The United States of America
2. Academic subjects
We don't use articles before the names of academic subjects.
John studies economics and science.
Using Articles
The article goes before the noun. You can only use one article or determiner with each noun.
article + noun
Knowing which article to use can be tricky, and you will discover lots of exceptions. Don't worry if you don't understand it all now.
What Are Articles? Learning About A, An and The
Articles are just three in number, but do a lot of work in the language. Learning articles is not tough for ESL students and can be learnt by understanding the rules of usage. Articles are of two types: Definite (‘The’) and Indefinite (‘A’ and ‘An’).
• Rules of Usage
Mr. Sharma – “Where is Tom?”
Ms. Sharma – “In the Kitchen.”
Mr. Sharma – “Tell him, I have bought a shirt, a ball and an umbrella for him”
Mr. Sharma – “Let’s turn off the light and give him a surprise”
In the above piece of conversation, three words are italicized. Did you also notice that these words are preceding nouns? These italicized words are articles, and are used before Nouns.
Articles are of two types: Definite Article and Indefinite Articles. The definite article is “the,” and the indefinite articles are “a” and “an.”
Rules of usage are briefly discussed below:
• Definite Article – "The"
• “The” is a definite article and is used to refer to specific or particular person or thing.
• Example: The little girl was crying. (In this sentence, we are talking of a specific girl.)
• “The” can also be used refer to something that has already been referred to if it is clear from the context;
Example: The book you want is not available. (Which book? The one that you want.)
• The article “The” is also used when a singular noun represents the whole class.
Example: The cow is revered as a holy animal in India.
• The article “The” is also used before certain proper nouns.
Rivers – The Ganga is a holy river of India.
Deserts – The Gobi desert is a cold desert.
Group of Islands – The West Indies are beautiful islands.
The same way it is used before the names of Mountain Ranges, certain Books (The i, The Gita) names of Canals (TheSuez Canal), names of Oceans and Seas (The Pacific Ocean), names of musical instruments (The flute)
• The is also used before names of unique things;
Example: The sun, The moon
• It is also used before a Proper noun when it is qualified by an adjective.
Example: The great playwright Shakespeare
• Before Superlative form of adjectives;
Example: The tallest boy in the class should sit at the back.
• Before Adverbs in Comparative form;
Example: The healthier the better.
• Indefinite Articles – “A” and “An”
• The indefinite article is used to represent one (in its numerical sense).
Example: Give me a pen.
• In the same sense as any, but requiring to be specific;
Example: Is there a hotel near by? (There are many hotels in the city, but is there one nearby?)
Paris is an interesting city.
• To use a proper noun as a common noun;
Example: A Mahatma Gandhi came to his rescue.
• To introduce something for the first time;
Example: This is a cat.
• “A” or “An”
The problem that ESL students usually face is when to use “A” and when to use “An.”
• “An” is used before nouns beginning with vowel sounds.
Example: an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an event
• “A” is used before nouns beginning with consonant sounds.
Example: a banana, a cat, a dog
• No Article
At times articles are not used at all. Some of such cases are:
• When a statement is made generally.
Example: I do not like apples.
Children like chocolates.
• Names of countries, states, cities, academic subjects, languages, names of relations.
Example: I am visiting London.
Ron is studying Geography.
Reena speaks good English.
Mother is not at home.
(The exception to the rule is names of countries using the word republic or state; The United States of America)
The best way to learn usage of articles is a lot of practice. The difference in the usage of “A” and “An” can also be understood by speaking the noun aloud.
• Teaching Articles
Classroom activities can be taken up to practice the same. Some suggested activities are:
• Complete the sentences;
• Edit a paragraph;
• Supply articles in a paragraph from which articles have been deleted;
• Try speaking a paragraph without articles. (This sends the class roaring, they just love it)
Articles are little words that we use before a noun.
There are three articles:
• a;
• an;
• the.
Articles can be definite or indefinite.
'The' is the definite article.
'A' and 'an' are indefinite articles.
Articles are a type of determiner. You don't need to use an article if you are using a different determiner.
Definite Article: the
There is only one definite article: 'the'.
Use 'the' when the noun you are talking about refers to something specific, or the person you are speaking to knows what you are referring to.
The dog is on the chair.
I am talking about a specific dog. You know which dog I am talking about.
We also use 'the' when we are talking about unique objects or places.
The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.
There is only one Eiffel Tower. It is unique.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
There is only one Earth and one Sun.
We can use 'the' with singular and plural nouns.
The dog.
The dogs.
Learn more about singular and plural nouns.
Indefinite Article: a, an
There are two indefinite articles: 'a' and 'an'.
Use 'a' or 'an' when the noun you are talking about does not refer to something specific.
I would like a banana.
I'm not talking about one specific banana. Any banana is ok.
We use 'a' or 'an' to introduce something for the first time. After we have introduced it, we can use 'the'.
John has a dog and a cat. The dog is called Rover, and the cat is called Fluffy.
Use 'a dog' and 'a cat' in the first sentence to introduce them. In the second sentence I use 'the dog' and 'the cat' because you know which dog and cat I am talking about.
We can only use 'a' and 'an' with singular nouns.
A dog.
Do I use 'a' or 'an'?
Use 'a' when the noun starts with a consonant sound.
A car.
A banana.
A television.
Use 'an' when the noun starts with a vowel sound.
An apple.
An event.
An umbrella.
Vowels are the letters a, e, i, o, u. All the other letters are consonants.
It is the first sound of the word that is important, not the first letter.
Some nouns that start with a consonant have a vowel sound. We use 'an'.
An hour.
'Hour' starts with the sound /aÊŠ/. It is a vowel sound.
Some nouns that start with a vowel have a consonant sound. We use 'a'.
A university.
'University' starts with the sound /j/. It is a consonant sound.
We use special symbols to show different sounds. They are called the phonetic alphabet.
No Article (Zero Article)
Sometimes we don't use an article at all.
We don't use an article when we are talking about things generally, or when we are talking about all instances of something.
I don't like apples.
In this sentence I am talking about apples generally. I am referring to all apples.
I don't like the apples we bought yesterday.
In this sentence I am referring to specific apples (the ones we bought yesterday), so I say 'the apples'.
There are certain types of nouns that don't use articles.
1. Countries, cities, and states
We don't use articles before the names of cities, countries, or states.
I live in London.
The exception is names that have a plural noun, or include the word 'kingdom', 'republic', 'state', or 'commonwealth'. We always use 'the' before these names.
The Philippines
The United Kingdom
The United States of America
2. Academic subjects
We don't use articles before the names of academic subjects.
John studies economics and science.
Using Articles
The article goes before the noun. You can only use one article or determiner with each noun.
article + noun
Knowing which article to use can be tricky, and you will discover lots of exceptions. Don't worry if you don't understand it all now.
What Are Articles? Learning About A, An and The
Articles are just three in number, but do a lot of work in the language. Learning articles is not tough for ESL students and can be learnt by understanding the rules of usage. Articles are of two types: Definite (‘The’) and Indefinite (‘A’ and ‘An’).
• Rules of Usage
Mr. Sharma – “Where is Tom?”
Ms. Sharma – “In the Kitchen.”
Mr. Sharma – “Tell him, I have bought a shirt, a ball and an umbrella for him”
Mr. Sharma – “Let’s turn off the light and give him a surprise”
In the above piece of conversation, three words are italicized. Did you also notice that these words are preceding nouns? These italicized words are articles, and are used before Nouns.
Articles are of two types: Definite Article and Indefinite Articles. The definite article is “the,” and the indefinite articles are “a” and “an.”
Rules of usage are briefly discussed below:
• Definite Article – "The"
• “The” is a definite article and is used to refer to specific or particular person or thing.
• Example: The little girl was crying. (In this sentence, we are talking of a specific girl.)
• “The” can also be used refer to something that has already been referred to if it is clear from the context;
Example: The book you want is not available. (Which book? The one that you want.)
• The article “The” is also used when a singular noun represents the whole class.
Example: The cow is revered as a holy animal in India.
• The article “The” is also used before certain proper nouns.
Rivers – The Ganga is a holy river of India.
Deserts – The Gobi desert is a cold desert.
Group of Islands – The West Indies are beautiful islands.
The same way it is used before the names of Mountain Ranges, certain Books (The i, The Gita) names of Canals (TheSuez Canal), names of Oceans and Seas (The Pacific Ocean), names of musical instruments (The flute)
• The is also used before names of unique things;
Example: The sun, The moon
• It is also used before a Proper noun when it is qualified by an adjective.
Example: The great playwright Shakespeare
• Before Superlative form of adjectives;
Example: The tallest boy in the class should sit at the back.
• Before Adverbs in Comparative form;
Example: The healthier the better.
• Indefinite Articles – “A” and “An”
• The indefinite article is used to represent one (in its numerical sense).
Example: Give me a pen.
• In the same sense as any, but requiring to be specific;
Example: Is there a hotel near by? (There are many hotels in the city, but is there one nearby?)
Paris is an interesting city.
• To use a proper noun as a common noun;
Example: A Mahatma Gandhi came to his rescue.
• To introduce something for the first time;
Example: This is a cat.
• “A” or “An”
The problem that ESL students usually face is when to use “A” and when to use “An.”
• “An” is used before nouns beginning with vowel sounds.
Example: an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an event
• “A” is used before nouns beginning with consonant sounds.
Example: a banana, a cat, a dog
• No Article
At times articles are not used at all. Some of such cases are:
• When a statement is made generally.
Example: I do not like apples.
Children like chocolates.
• Names of countries, states, cities, academic subjects, languages, names of relations.
Example: I am visiting London.
Ron is studying Geography.
Reena speaks good English.
Mother is not at home.
(The exception to the rule is names of countries using the word republic or state; The United States of America)
The best way to learn usage of articles is a lot of practice. The difference in the usage of “A” and “An” can also be understood by speaking the noun aloud.
• Teaching Articles
Classroom activities can be taken up to practice the same. Some suggested activities are:
• Complete the sentences;
• Edit a paragraph;
• Supply articles in a paragraph from which articles have been deleted;
• Try speaking a paragraph without articles. (This sends the class roaring, they just love it)
Reference: High School English Grammar & Composition – Wren & Martin
Pengunaan a, an dan the
Sebagai article, ‘a’ dan ‘an’ artinya adalah satu. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kedua artcle ini dapat diterjemahkan menjadi sebuah/seorang/seekor/sehelai. hal ini tergantung dari noun yang mengikutinya. Misalnya :
• an apple
• a lady
Artikel ‘a’ digunakan jika noun yang mngikutinya konsonan, sedangkanarticle ‘an’ digunakan jika noun yang mengikutinya berbunyi huruf vokal. Penggunaan kedua artice ini tergantung pada pelafalan (pronounciation) dibagian awal dari noun tersebut, bukan tergantung penulisannya. Misalnya :
• Please give me a cup of coffee.
• There is an apple in the table.
The umumnya digunakan untuk merujuk noun yang sudah pernah disebutkan sebelumnya. Dengan adanya the, noun yang dimaksud menjadi lebih spesifik. Misalnya :
• The water in my well is cotaminated.
• Jason father bought him the bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday.
Refensi : http://swarabhaskara.com
A, An or The?
When do we say "the dog" and when do we say "a dog"? (On this page we talk only about singular, countable nouns.)
The and a/an are called "articles". We divide them into "definite" and "indefinite" like this:
Articles
Definite Indefinite
the a, an
We use "definite" to mean sure, certain. "Definite" is particular.
We use "indefinite" to mean not sure, not certain. "Indefinite" is general.
When we are talking about one thing in particular, we use the. When we are talking about one thing in general, we use a or an.
Think of the sky at night. In the sky we see 1 moon and millions of stars. So normally we would say:
• I saw the moon last night.
• I saw a star last night.
Look at these examples:
The a, an
• The capital of France is Paris.
• I have found the book that I lost.
• Have you cleaned the car?
• There are six eggs in the fridge.
• Please switch off the TV when you finish. • I was born in a town.
• John had an omelette for lunch.
• James Bond ordered a drink.
• We want to buy an umbrella.
• Have you got a pen?
Of course, often we can use the or a/an for the same word. It depends on the situation, not the word. Look at these examples:
• We want to buy an umbrella. (Any umbrella, not a particular umbrella.)
• Where is the umbrella? (We already have an umbrella. We are looking for our umbrella, a particular umbrella.)
Didalam bahasa Inggris dikenal dua jenis artikel, yakni artikel tidak tentu (indefinite article) yakni ‘a’, ‘an’. Kemudian artikel tertentu (definite article) yakni ‘The’. Kedua-duanya apabila direkatkan pada suatu kata benda maka konteksnya akan berubah, dimana artikel tidak tentu digunakan untuk merujuk pada suatu benda umum, yang mana kita tidak memberikan penekanan apa-apa pada kata benda tersebut.
Contoh:
A man sitting at bench (seorang pria duduk di bangku)
pada kalimat diatas kata ‘pria’ tersebut tidak diberikan penekanan apa-apa.
Contoh lagi:
A man sitting at bench, THE man is fat. (seorang pria duduk di bangku, pria itu sangat gemuk)
Pada kalimat yang kedua ini, kata THE digunakan karena memberikan penekanan pada pria itu bahwa ia gemuk.
Artikel tidak tentu (indefinite article)Artikel tidak tentu dalam bahasa Inggris adalah a, an. Keduanya digunakan tergantung pada kata sifat/benda yang menyertainya. Apabila kata sifat/benda itu berawalan huruf mati, atau huruf vokal yang dibunyikan seperti huruf mati, maka artikel ‘a’ digunakan.
Contoh:
• a computer
• a student
• a university
• a European
Sedangkan an digunakan apabila kata sifat/benda yang
menyertainya adalah berawalan vokal atau konsonan yang dibunyikan vokal:
• an hour
• an ear
• an Islamic Law
Kata sandang ‘an’ digunakan pula untuk singkatan, atau huruf yang berdiri sendiri:
• an X
• an MP3
• an KGB
Catatan:
1. Artikel a, an hanya digunakan untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung (countable), jadi kata benda uncountable seperti sugar, sand, physics, mathematics tidak bisa diberikan artikel a, an.
2. Jangan gunakan artikel a, an pada kata frasa/kata benda JAMAK! kita tidak bisa mengatakan ‘a computers’ atau ‘a men’. Cukup katakan ‘computers’ atau ‘men’ saja.
Artikel Tertentu (Definite Article)
Artikel the digunakan tanpa memandang huruf awalan dari kata sifat/benda yang menyertainya.
Kegunaan Artikel Tertentu:
1. Digunakan pada frasa yang memiliki bilangan cardinal:
• The second year of boycott (tahun kedua dari pemboikotan)
• The third lesson (pelajaran ketiga)
• an apple
• a lady
Artikel ‘a’ digunakan jika noun yang mngikutinya konsonan, sedangkanarticle ‘an’ digunakan jika noun yang mengikutinya berbunyi huruf vokal. Penggunaan kedua artice ini tergantung pada pelafalan (pronounciation) dibagian awal dari noun tersebut, bukan tergantung penulisannya. Misalnya :
• Please give me a cup of coffee.
• There is an apple in the table.
The umumnya digunakan untuk merujuk noun yang sudah pernah disebutkan sebelumnya. Dengan adanya the, noun yang dimaksud menjadi lebih spesifik. Misalnya :
• The water in my well is cotaminated.
• Jason father bought him the bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday.
Refensi : http://swarabhaskara.com
A, An or The?
When do we say "the dog" and when do we say "a dog"? (On this page we talk only about singular, countable nouns.)
The and a/an are called "articles". We divide them into "definite" and "indefinite" like this:
Articles
Definite Indefinite
the a, an
We use "definite" to mean sure, certain. "Definite" is particular.
We use "indefinite" to mean not sure, not certain. "Indefinite" is general.
When we are talking about one thing in particular, we use the. When we are talking about one thing in general, we use a or an.
Think of the sky at night. In the sky we see 1 moon and millions of stars. So normally we would say:
• I saw the moon last night.
• I saw a star last night.
Look at these examples:
The a, an
• The capital of France is Paris.
• I have found the book that I lost.
• Have you cleaned the car?
• There are six eggs in the fridge.
• Please switch off the TV when you finish. • I was born in a town.
• John had an omelette for lunch.
• James Bond ordered a drink.
• We want to buy an umbrella.
• Have you got a pen?
Of course, often we can use the or a/an for the same word. It depends on the situation, not the word. Look at these examples:
• We want to buy an umbrella. (Any umbrella, not a particular umbrella.)
• Where is the umbrella? (We already have an umbrella. We are looking for our umbrella, a particular umbrella.)
Didalam bahasa Inggris dikenal dua jenis artikel, yakni artikel tidak tentu (indefinite article) yakni ‘a’, ‘an’. Kemudian artikel tertentu (definite article) yakni ‘The’. Kedua-duanya apabila direkatkan pada suatu kata benda maka konteksnya akan berubah, dimana artikel tidak tentu digunakan untuk merujuk pada suatu benda umum, yang mana kita tidak memberikan penekanan apa-apa pada kata benda tersebut.
Contoh:
A man sitting at bench (seorang pria duduk di bangku)
pada kalimat diatas kata ‘pria’ tersebut tidak diberikan penekanan apa-apa.
Contoh lagi:
A man sitting at bench, THE man is fat. (seorang pria duduk di bangku, pria itu sangat gemuk)
Pada kalimat yang kedua ini, kata THE digunakan karena memberikan penekanan pada pria itu bahwa ia gemuk.
Artikel tidak tentu (indefinite article)Artikel tidak tentu dalam bahasa Inggris adalah a, an. Keduanya digunakan tergantung pada kata sifat/benda yang menyertainya. Apabila kata sifat/benda itu berawalan huruf mati, atau huruf vokal yang dibunyikan seperti huruf mati, maka artikel ‘a’ digunakan.
Contoh:
• a computer
• a student
• a university
• a European
Sedangkan an digunakan apabila kata sifat/benda yang
menyertainya adalah berawalan vokal atau konsonan yang dibunyikan vokal:
• an hour
• an ear
• an Islamic Law
Kata sandang ‘an’ digunakan pula untuk singkatan, atau huruf yang berdiri sendiri:
• an X
• an MP3
• an KGB
Catatan:
1. Artikel a, an hanya digunakan untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung (countable), jadi kata benda uncountable seperti sugar, sand, physics, mathematics tidak bisa diberikan artikel a, an.
2. Jangan gunakan artikel a, an pada kata frasa/kata benda JAMAK! kita tidak bisa mengatakan ‘a computers’ atau ‘a men’. Cukup katakan ‘computers’ atau ‘men’ saja.
Artikel Tertentu (Definite Article)
Artikel the digunakan tanpa memandang huruf awalan dari kata sifat/benda yang menyertainya.
Kegunaan Artikel Tertentu:
1. Digunakan pada frasa yang memiliki bilangan cardinal:
• The second year of boycott (tahun kedua dari pemboikotan)
• The third lesson (pelajaran ketiga)
TUGAS 3 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 "Exercise 10 & 11"
Exercise 10: Subject-Verb Agreement
1. John, along with twenty friends, are planning a party.
2. The picture of the soldiers bring back many memories.
3. The quality of these recordings are not very good.
4. If the duties of these officers aren’t reduced, there will not be enough time to finish the project.
5. The effects of cigrette smoking have been proven to be extremely harmful.
6. The use of credit cards in place of cash have increased rapidly in recent years.
7. Advertisements on television are becoming more competitive than ever before.
8. Living expenses in this country, as well as in many others, is at an all-time high.
9. Mr. Jones, accompanied by several members of the committee, has proposed some changes of the rules.
10. The levels of intoxication vary from subject to subject.
Exercise 11: Subject-Verb Agreement
1. Neither Bill nor Mary are going to the play tonight.
2. Anything are better than going to another movie tonight.
3. Skating is becoming more popular every day.
4. A number of reporters were at the conference yesterday.
5. Everybody who has a fever must go home immediately.
6. Your glasses were on the bureau last night.
7. There were some people at the meeting last night.
8. The committee has already reached a decision.
9. A pair of jeans were in the washing mechine this morning.
10. Each student have answered the first three questions.
11. Either John or his wife makes breakfast each morning.
12. After she had perused the material, the secretary decided that every-thing were in order.
13. The crowd at the basketball game was wild with excitement.
14. A pack of wild dogs has frightened all the ducks away.
15. The jury is trying to reach a decision.
16. The army has eliminated this section of the training test.
17. The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter are appalling.
18. There have been too many interruptions in this class.
19. Every elementary school teacher has to take this examination.
20. Neither Jill nor her parents have seen this movie before.
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